Poor oral health can lead to muscle loss and diabetes

Oral health plays a significant role in maintaining overall well-being, extending beyond the confines of our mouths. Recent scientific studies have highlighted the intriguing relationship between poor oral health, muscle loss, and diabetes. 

It turns out that neglecting oral hygiene can have far-reaching consequences that extend to our musculoskeletal system and metabolic health. 

In this article, we will delve into the research and evidence supporting this connection, highlighting the importance of maintaining good oral health for a healthier body overall.

Muscle loss

Studies have found a compelling association between poor oral health and muscle loss, a condition known as sarcopenia. 

Dr Nirali Patel, Smile Design Expert & Oral Implantologist, FICOI, USA, Founder of Smile Craft Dental Studio, India, discussed these issues with our writer. 

"One possible explanation lies in the chronic low-grade inflammation that often accompanies gum disease (periodontitis). This inflammation triggers a cascade of events that may lead to muscle breakdown, contributing to the development of sarcopenia." 

"A study published in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology (2018) examined the link between periodontitis and muscle mass in older adults. The researchers found a significant correlation between severe periodontitis and reduced muscle mass. It was suggested that the systemic inflammation caused by periodontitis could disrupt muscle protein synthesis, leading to muscle loss over time," she explained.

Diabetes

According to Dr Nirali, diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterised by elevated blood sugar levels, has also been found to be connected to poor oral health. The relationship between diabetes and oral health is bidirectional, with each condition influencing the other.

Research published in Diabetes Care (2019) revealed that individuals with periodontal disease had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Chronic gum inflammation resulting from periodontitis can lead to insulin resistance and impaired glycemic control and ultimately contribute to the development of diabetes.

Conversely, individuals with diabetes are more prone to experiencing oral health problems. High blood sugar levels provide an ideal environment for oral bacteria to thrive, increasing the risk of gum disease.

Diabetes can impair the body's ability to fight off infections, making managing oral health issues more challenging.

While the exact mechanisms linking poor oral health, muscle loss, and diabetes are still being unravelled, several key factors are believed to play a role:

Inflammation: "Chronic inflammation triggered by oral infections, such as periodontitis, can contribute to systemic inflammation throughout the body. This inflammation is thought to promote muscle breakdown and insulin resistance, thereby linking poor oral health to muscle loss and diabetes," Dr Nirali added. 

Microbiome disruption

The oral microbiome, consisting of various bacteria, can impact systemic health. Disturbances in the oral microbiome due to poor oral hygiene may influence the balance of bacteria in other body systems, potentially leading to muscle loss and metabolic dysregulation. 

"By promoting regular brushing and flossing, routine dental check-ups, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, individuals can take proactive measures to protect their oral health and reduce the risk of associated health complications." 

Dr Nirali also said, "A comprehensive approach that addresses both oral and systemic health can pave the way for improved overall well-being. Remember, a healthy smile is not just a reflection of good dental care but also a gateway to a healthier body."

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