Understanding cavities: Causes, prevention, and remedies

Dental cavities, commonly known as caries, are a prevalent dental issue caused by tooth enamel decay. The erosion is primarily triggered by acids in the mouth, often originating from bacteria breaking down sugar on the tooth's surface. 

To keep your teeth healthy, you must understand the causes of cavities, their prevalence across age groups, and effective preventive measures, including both conventional and alternative approaches.

The primary culprit behind cavities is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, which metabolizes sugar into acid on the tooth's surface. Plaque, a sticky film of microorganisms, contributes to enamel erosion by demineralizing it. This process creates tiny holes in the enamel, and when the acid damage reaches the dentin layer beneath, a cavity forms.

While dental cavities are more common in youngsters, they can occur at any age. Poor oral hygiene, overindulgence in sugary foods and drinks, and inadequate brushing contribute to the higher prevalence in children. Regular dental cleanings and proper oral care prevent cavities in the younger population.

Contrary to common belief, adults are also prone to cavities. Gum recession, a common issue in adults, exposes tooth roots to plaque, increasing the risk of cavities. New deterioration around childhood fillings and insufficient vitamin D intake are additional factors contributing to cavities in adults.

Several lifestyle factors increase the risk of cavities, such as consuming sticky or sugary foods, regular intake of sugary beverages like soda, and experiencing dry mouth. Acid reflux causes heartburn, and poor dental habits, including late-night eating and insufficient brushing, further contribute to tooth decay.

An ancient practice known as 'oil pulling' involves swishing oil in the mouth for about twenty minutes. While claims of removing toxins lack scientific support, a study suggests that sesame oil pulling is as effective as chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing plaque, gingivitis, and oral bacterial counts. Further research is needed to validate these findings.

Another potential remedy involves extracts from the Chinese liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Research indicates that applying mulethi extract as a mouthwash or shot can significantly reduce the amount of S. mutans in the mouth, thereby preventing cavities.

Fluoride is essential to maintain healthy teeth and gums. Studies show that daily use of fluoride toothpaste helps prevent cavities by restoring enamel mineral content. Brushing teeth twice a day is crucial in preventing the multiplication of germs and avoiding gum deterioration.

In case of emergencies, seeking professional dental care ensures thorough cleaning and addresses any underlying issues, contributing to long-term oral well-being.