Cyborg cockroaches to become the first responders of natural disasters

Researchers at Osaka University in Japan have developed new uses for Madagascar hissing cockroaches, using the insects to aid in disaster situations and urban search and rescue missions. 

The cockroaches can be remotely controlled and are powered by the sun through solar-powered backpacks mounted onto the insects' backs. These backpacks can be created using a 3D printer and mounted onto the cockroaches' thorax.

The solar panel film, only four microns thick, generates enough power to send directional signals into sensory organs on the insect's abdomen. The hybrid electronic system of rigid and flexible elements outcompetes current energy harvesting devices on living insects. 

The scientists selected Madagascar hissing cockroaches for their experiments because these insects are of sufficient size to bear the equipment and do not possess wings that could cause any obstruction. These backpacks and film can be removed, allowing the cockroaches to continue their normal lives in the lab's terrarium.

The system's electrodes are connected to a machine learning program that recognises the insects' locomotive states and directs them to move in an alternative route if they pause at an obstacle or crouch in a dark, cold environment. 

The setup doesn't control the cockroaches but instead influences their movement decisions, increasing their search rate and travel distance while reducing stop time. The scientists hope to improve accuracy rates and develop means to direct their cyborg cockroaches in the future intentionally.

Miniaturising the components is the next challenge, and researchers hope to mount sensors and cameras on the insects and adapt their system to insects like beetles or even flying insects like cicadas. 

The technology could have other applications, such as generating electricity to charge mobile phones or building into clothing or skin patches for monitoring vital signs.

The experiments showcase the potential of cyborg cockroaches in aiding search and rescue operations and disaster relief efforts. 

The technology can help locate survivors in disaster situations and navigate difficult terrain that humans cannot. While the technology is still in its early stages, the possibilities are endless, and researchers continue to explore new ways to harness the potential of these resilient little bugs.

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